Coronavirus world wide list

Protect Yourself

How can people protect themselves?

The best way to prevent illness is to avoid being exposed to this virus. The virus spreads mainly from person-to-person between people who are in close contact with one another (within about 6 feet). This occurs by respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs.  Surfaces can also get infected. Older adults and people who have severe underlying medical conditions like hypertension, obesity, heart or lung disease , diabetes or asthma seem to be at higher risk for developing more serious complications from COVID-19 illness. Every person has a role to play. So much of protecting yourself and your family comes down to common sense: 

• Stay home except for essential needs/activities. 

• Practice physical distancing – stay 6 feet away from people.

• Wear a cloth face mask if you leave home.

• Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.

• Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces daily. If surfaces are dirty, clean them using detergent or soap and water prior to disinfection.

• Avoid touching eyes, nose or mouth.

• Cover your cough or sneeze with a tissue or your elbow or a tissue. Wash hands afterwards.

• Avoiding close contact with people who are sick.

• Stay home and away from people if you become sick with respiratory symptoms like fever and cough.

• If you smoke or vape, consider quitting. Smoking and vaping causes harm to the lungs.

• Follow guidance from public health officials.

Please consult with your health care provider about additional steps you may be able to take to protect yourself.

Who is at Higher Risk for Serious Illness from COVID-19?

Early information out of China, where COVID-19 first started, shows that some people are at higher risk of getting very sick from this illness. This includes:

• • Smokers
  • Older adults (65+)
  • Individuals with compromised immune systems
  • Individuals who have serious chronic medical conditions like:
    • Heart disease
    • Diabetes
    • Lung disease

If you are at higher risk for serious illness from COVID-19 because of your age or health condition, it is important for you to take extra actions to reduce your risk of getting sick with the disease: 

• • Stay home. It’s the most important thing you can do.
  • Avoid contact with people who are sick. Isolate anyone sick in your home in a separate room, if possible.
  • Consider ways of getting food brought to your house through family, social, or commercial networks. Wipe off containers with disinfectant wipes.

It is also important that you listen to public health officials who may recommend community actions to reduce potential exposure to COVID-19, especially if COVID-19 is spreading in your community.

For more information visit the CDC’s website.

Florida doctor encourages others to share ‘feeling immune’ snapshot

Dr. Omar Llaguna is a surgical oncologist in Miami, where he specializes in gastrointestinal tumors and skin cancers. Some days, he’s operating on patients, and others, he’s caring and consulting with them.  

The fear of contracting Covid-19 has grown as he’s served his patients, and he’s noticed his children have also grown more worried about him and his health.

“I have three daughters, and I thought that I could leave three children fatherless,” Llaguna, 46, told NBC News. “I think, as a parent, what’s been very stressful is seeing the emotional response and how this has affected my children. … They really have a fear of the virus.”

To add to that anxiety, Llaguna’s mother was diagnosed and died from lung cancer during the pandemic. “I got to see from a patient standpoint how detrimental this pandemic has been to taking care of patients with cancer … as a care provider, to see my mom’s struggle with a disease and having to drop her off at the hospital and not be able to not have anyone with her while she was getting scans and imaging and bloodwork on, her stress about exposing herself in the hospital.”

Last week, he received the first dose of the Pfizer vaccine and shared his experience over Facebook and encouraged others to do the same.

“I’m hopeful that this virus in this pandemic will hopefully be coming to an end so no one has to go through that again,” he said.

Day-to-day Covid decisions are a complicated balancing act. These two families show how.

CENTERVILLE, Ohio — The families of Lauren Brinkman and Dr. Kelly Carr share many similarities.

The two women both work in health care and have children of similar ages. They’re separated by a two-hour drive down Interstate 71 in Ohio. And they’re both trying to stay safe during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Like millions of other people, Brinkman and Carr are making near-constant calculations about their daily activities. Every soccer practice, patient appointment and gym session now goes into a mental map that tests their personal risk tolerances against their mental and emotional capacities.

«You think you can buckle down and just stay holed up in your house,» Carr said. «Telling people day after day that they need to stay within their household is just brutal.»

There are differences, too. Carr and her husband each operate their own small business. Brinkman’s husband works in the restaurant industry, which has been hammered by the pandemic. Carr lost a close friend to Covid-19. Brinkman has known people who have had only mild cases.

Together, the differences illustrate how people in seemingly similar circumstances can make different choices. Brinkman’s kids are still attending school and day care. Carr’s aren’t. Brinkman’s family still occasionally dines indoors. Carr’s doesn’t.

«We’re doing semi-normal things, but at the same time, our awareness is much more heightened,» Brinkman said.

Man who fell ill on United flight from Florida died of Covid-19, coroner confirms

Covid-19 caused the death of a traveler who fell ill aboard a flight from Florida to California last week, Louisiana authorities said Tuesday.

Jefferson Parish coroners listed «acute respiratory failure» and «Covid-19» as causes of death for Isaias Hernandez, a 69-year-old Los Angeles resident.

Hernandez had been aboard a westbound United Airlines flight from Orlando to Los Angeles last Monday. After falling ill, two fellow travelers — a nurse and EMT — performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation on him, witnesses said.

The flight was diverted to New Orleans and Hernandez died that night at a hospital in Kenner, Louisiana, according to the coroner’s report.

How to use a mask

1. Wear a mask if you are coughing or sneezing.
2. If you wear a mask, then you must know how to use it and dispose of it properly.
3. Before putting on a mask, clean your hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water.
4. Cover your mouth and nose with the mask and make sure there are no gaps between your face
   and the mask.
5. Avoid touching the mask while using it.
6. Replace the mask with a new one as soon as it is damp and do not re-use single-use masks.
7. To remove the mask, remove it from behind (do not touch the front of the mask), discard it
   immediately in a closed bin, and then clean your hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap
   and water.

Respiratory hygiene

1. Health organizations recommended that people cover their mouth and nose with a tissue when
   coughing or sneezing (which should then be disposed of immediately), or with a sleeve if a
   tissue is not available.
2. The use of surgical masks by those who may be infected has also been recommended, as they
   can limit the volume and travel distance of expiratory droplets dispersed when talking,
   sneezing, and coughing.
3. There is no evidence to show that the wearing of surgical masks by uninfected people at low
   risk is effective.
4. Only China has specifically recommended the use of masks by healthy members of the public,
   while face masks have been widely used by healthy people in Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, and
   Singapore.

Covid-19 cases in kids hit record high last week

The U.S. logged a record high number of pediatric Covid-19 cases last week, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Last week alone, 182,018 new pediatric cases were reported. Since early December, cases in children have increased by 25 percent.

More than 1.8 million cases of Covid-19 had been diagnosed in children since the beginning of the pandemic. Kids represent 12.3 percent of all Covid-19 cases in the U.S., a percentage that has steadily increased in recent months.

Severe complications of Covid-19 in kids are rare, as are hospitalizations, the AAP reported. But studies have shown children can spread the virus as well as anyone else. 

Death from Covid-19 is also rare among children. A total of 172 kids in the U.S. have died from Covid-19, less than 1 percent of all deaths from the disease in the U.S.

We need to act now

Wuhan China, where COVID-19 originated and hit the hardest in China, went into lockdown on January 22nd, 2020. Following this, the number of confirmed cases continued to increase until February 4th, almost two weeks later when the number of new cases finally dropped.

Source Wikipedia

Any action taken today is felt about two weeks later, and patients may only be discharged from hospitals up to a month later. When Wuhan went into Lockdown they had 15,000 cases, yet they peaked two weeks later at after cases reached 80,000. Italy went into lockdown on March 9th, when they had 9000 cases, today their count continues to increase. When the response to our actions is delayed it makes it hard to measure how much effect they have had.

We can only estimate the number of true cases. Although a country reports a certain number of cases, in reality there may be ten times more due to the slow onset of COVID-19.
From looking at countries that went into lockdown, China, South Korea, and Italy, the number of confirmed cases continues to increase for two weeks before progression is abated.

The number of true cases are likely to be an order of magnitude higher than the real case count.

The virus transmission grows exponentially, humans generally understand linear change, but have a hard time understanding exponential change. Although only a small number of the population are infected,
the current doubling time is around 3 to 4 days. Cases double every 3 to 4 days.
Within three weeks of the virus infecting 1% of the population, it can double 6 times to infect 64% of the population.

Is there a vaccine or a cure?

1. No vaccine is currently available.
2. Several organisations around the world are developing vaccines, using several different methods.
3. By early March 2020, 30 vaccine candidates were in development, with products by Gilead Sciences and Ascletis Pharma in Phase III clinical trials.
4. Several compounds, which were previously approved for treatment of other viral diseases, such as favipiravir, ribavirin, remdesivir and galidesivir, are being investigated against the coronavirus.
5. Clinical trials are underway in for lopinavir/ritonavir and of remdesivir.
6. Bruce Aylward, an assistant director-general of the WHO, has stated «there is only one drug right now that we think may have real efficacy and that’s remdesivir.»

Percent Positive and Test Rate of Molecular Testing by ZIP Code

These data show the percent of people given a molecular test who tested positive,
by ZIP code, for
the
most recent seven days of available data. The borough comparison charts include
data
by
ZIP code from the past three months.

The data also show the rate of people given a molecular test during the most
recent seven days. A
neighborhood is considered to have adequate testing when at least 260 residents
per
100,000 have been tested in the past week. This metric of adequate testing may
change depending on future testing data.

Map

Table

By
borough

New people positive does not include people who previously
tested positive. All data are incomplete. Data will be backfilled as new
data
are reported.
Get
the data

Disproportionately affects the demographic

People who are 60+ are most at risk, with the most fatalities occurring in those 80+. Gender differences do not appear to be significant.

Looking into data from South Korea, in total there were more confirmed cases in females, but fatalities are almost twice as high in men.
The larger number of female cases can be attributed to healthcare roles traditionally housing more women, and higher fatalities in men to more smoking tendencies. However, the sample size is too small to draw conclusive results.
Kids seem to be spared from the virus.

Source: Midas Network

The immune system naturally weakens with age, COVID-19 can be fatal when combined with pre-existing medical conditions. We need to protect the elderly around us by setting up systems to let them live in isolated areas where they are able to support themselves.

Handwashing

1. A number of governments advise against all non-essential travel to countries and areas
   affected by the outbreak.
2. There are misconceptions circulating about how to prevent infection: rinsing the nose,
   gargling with mouthwash, and eating garlic are not effective.
3. The CDC recommends that people wash hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds,
   especially after going to the toilet or when hands are visibly dirty.

• It further recommended using an alcohol-based hand sanitiser with at least 60% alcohol
  by volume (or 120 proof) when soap and water are not readily available.
• The WHO also advise people to avoid touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed
  hands.

Students thank professors in Zoom classes for ‘keeping our spirits high’ during pandemic

Students from The College of New Jersey, York University, and Chapman University surprised their professors during Zoom classes to thank them for their work during a challenging year.

Prof. Mario Di Paolantonio of York University in Toronto, where he’s been an educator for over 20 years, spent time reworking his in-person coursework for online learning due to the pandemic and found this surprise by his Educational Studies students to be «a real gift.»

«I think there was this feeling of thanks, not just to me, but for the whole thing that we managed to do, that we we did something educational, in spite of it all,» Di Paolantonio, 55, told NBC News. «Very difficult conditions, you know, with people being in their own homes, with some having childcare issues as well, and other things…but they committed they got through it, we got through it.»

Kaitlyn Gong, a student at Chapman University in Southern California — taking classes remotely from Oakland — said learning virtually was «not easy at all» for her first semester. She credits Prof. James Brown for pushing her to succeed and was among the students who surprised him over his Zoom class to thank him. «And he’s done such a great job at keeping our spirits high,» Gong, 18, told NBC News

«Sometimes when you get to the end of the semester, and you give your last lecture, students will stand up and applaud or something like that,» Brown, 71, told NBC News. «That’s very moving too, but this is, you know, it’s a different format for some who’ve been teaching in this format. And so holding up the signs, yeah, was unique.»

Emergency Department Visits

These charts show people who visited the emergency department with clinical
signs and
symptoms consistent with COVID-19 illness (including flu-like illnesses and
pneumonia) during the past three months, and those who were then admitted to the
hospital. While some of these people did not have a positive molecular or
antigen test, these charts can be an
early warning sign for community
transmission of COVID-19.

Visits
Admissions

About the Data: All of the data on these
pages were collected by the NYC Health Department. Data
will
be updated daily but are preliminary and subject to change.

Reporting Lag: Our data are published with a
three-day
lag, meaning that the most recent
data in today’s update are from three days before.

This lag is due to the standard delays (up to several days) in reporting to
the
Health Department a new test,
case,
hospitalization or death. Given the delay, our counts of what has happened
in
the most recent few days are
artificially
small. We delay publishing these data until more reports have come in and
the
data are more complete.

Health Inequities in Data: Differences in health outcomes
among
racial and ethnic groups are due to long-term structural racism, not
biological
or personal traits.

Structural racism — centuries of racist policies and discriminatory
practices across institutions, including government agencies, and society
— prevents communities of color from accessing vital resources (such
as
health care, housing and food) and opportunities (such as employment and
education), and negatively affects overall health and well-being. The
disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on New Yorkers of color highlights how
these
inequities negatively influence health outcomes.

Review
how we are working to address inequities during this public health
emergency (PDF).

What’s in the Covid relief bill? Democrats and Republicans in Congress claim wins

WASHINGTON — After more than seven months of negotiations, Republicans and Democrats in Congress are on the cusp of passing a $900 billion coronavirus relief bill and both sides are claiming victory while blaming the other for the delays in getting additional relief to Americans.

Democrats are coming away with far less than the $3.3 trillion bill House Democrats passed in May, which included nearly $1 trillion in federal funding for state and local governments. The bill set to be voted on late Monday won’t include any funding for states, a top Democratic priority. It will also exclude the Republican priority of liability protection from Covid-19-related lawsuits for businesses.

The Covid-19 relief is part of a larger government funding bill.

Both parties are touting wins that play to their constituents.

Trump blasts Covid relief bill, calls for major changes to package

In surprising comments, President Donald Trump on Tuesday night shredded a just-passed massive Covid-19 relief package, saying the legislation contains measures that have nothing to do with the pandemic and is too stingy on payments to average Americans.

«I am asking Congress to amend this bill and increase the ridiculously low $600 (direct payment) to $2,000 or $4,000 for a couple,» Trump said in a video posted to Twitter of him speaking from the White House.

«I’m also asking Congress to immediately get rid of the wasteful and unnecessary items from this legislation and to send me a suitable bill, or else the next administration will have to deliver a Covid relief package.»

He added, «And maybe that administration will be me, and we will get it done.»

Before the remarks, all signs and expectations had been that Trump intended to sign the Covid relief bill as soon as it lands on his desk, possibly later this week.

While Trump doesn’t explicitly say he will veto the legislation, his remarks suggest that he might. If the president did, lawmakers may be able to override his veto.

Congress to vote on second Covid-19 relief package

Congress is expected to vote later Monday on a massive Covid-19 relief package and government funding bill, its second effort to provide direct aid to Americans struggling during the pandemic.

Congressional leaders struck a deal on nearly $900 billion in Covid-19 relief late Sunday, including a new round of direct payments and unemployment benefits for Americans, families and businesses struggling in the pandemic.

The agreement includes stimulus checks of up to $600 per person for individuals earning $75,000 per year and married couples who earned up to $150,000, with an additional $600 for each dependent under 18 living in the same household.

WHO says no need for major alarm over new coronavirus strain

The World Health Organization cautioned against major alarm over a new, highly infectious variant of the coronavirus that has emerged in Britain, saying this was a normal part of a pandemic’s evolution.

WHO officials even put a positive light on the discovery of the new strains that prompted a slew of alarmed countries to impose travel restrictions on Britain and South Africa, saying new tools to track the virus were working.

“We have to find a balance. It’s very important to have transparency, it’s very important to tell the public the way it is, but it’s also important to get across that this is a normal part of virus evolution,” WHO emergencies chief Mike Ryan told an online briefing.

Citing data from Britain, WHO officials said they had no evidence that the variant made people sicker or was more deadly than existing strains of Covid-19, although it did seem to spread more easily.

Countries imposing travel curbs were acting out of an abundance of caution while they assess risks, Ryan said, adding: “That is prudent. But it is also important that everyone recognizes that this happens, these variants occur.”

WHO officials said coronavirus mutations had so far been much slower than with influenza and that even the new U.K. variant remained much less transmissible than other diseases like mumps. They said vaccines developed to combat Covid-19 should handle the new variants as well, although checks were under way to ensure this was the case.

The WHO said it expects to get more detail within days or weeks on the potential impact of the highly transmissible new coronavirus strain.

Spread via Droplets & Aerosols

After an infected person coughs, droplets can travel 1.5 meters away. The droplets can then persist on a surface for up to nine days, varying with temperature & humidity.
This type of contagion can be especially prevalent in healthcare settings

Due to the risk of aerosol transmission, China & South Korea have been actively spraying disinfectant in streets and subways shared by the public at large.
In the cruise ship harbored off the coast of Japan, Diamond Princess, the case count continued to increase despite stringent social isolation measures and a quarantine lockdown. This suggested that COVID-19 had possibly passed through air ducts into separate cabins.

Hospital capacity

COVID-19 patients in critical condition require labour intensive medical attention and respiratory devices. They also tend to be hospitalized for multiple weeks, pushing available medical resources to limits.

We need to flatten the curve to maintain an active case count below hospital capacity. This creates even distribution to hospital resources to keep mortality rates low with the same number of people affected.

Source CDC

The curve can be flattened through non pharmaceutical interventions such as social distancing and proactive testing which slow the outbreak to manageable levels.

COVID-19 by the Numbers

On December 21, there were 32,659 newly recorded confirmed cases. The state now has a total of 1,925,007 positive cases. There have been a total of 22,923 deaths in the state. 

For county level data, access the COVID-19 Public Dashboard.  

For skilled nursing facility data, visit Skilled Nursing Facilites: COVID-19.

For age group data, visit Cases and Deaths Associated with COVID-19 by Age Group in California.

Racial Demographics — A More Complete Picture 

The California Department of Public Health is committed to health equity
and collecting more detailed racial and ethnic data that will provide
additional understanding for determining future action. Health outcomes are
affected by forces including structural racism, poverty and the
disproportionate prevalence of underlying conditions such as asthma and heart
disease among Latinos and African American Californians. Only by looking at the
full picture can we understand how to ensure the best outcomes for all
Californians.

The differences in health outcomes related to COVID-19 are most stark in COVID-19 deaths. We have nearly complete data on race and ethnicity for COVID-19 deaths, and we are seeing the following trends: Latinos, African Americans and Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders are dying at disproportionately higher levels. More males are dying from COVID-19 than females, in line with national trends.

For the additional information, visit COVID-19 Race and Ethnicity Data.

Testing in California

Twenty-five public health labs in California are testing samples for COVID-19. These labs include the California Department of Public Health’s Laboratory in Richmond, Alameda, Butte, Contra Costa, Fresno, Humboldt, Imperial, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Monterey, Napa-Solano-Yolo-Marin (located in Solano), Orange, Riverside, Sacramento, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Francisco, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Shasta, Sonoma, Tulare and Ventura County public health laboratories. The Richmond Laboratory will provide diagnostic testing within a 48-hour turnaround time. This means California public health officials will get test results sooner, so that patients will get the best care. Additional information on testing and locations to get tested in California can be found on the. 

Effect on the economy

As coronavirus blazes through nations forcing businesses shut, and shopping precincts to close doors, financial markets are taking massive losses. Global economies have hit their biggest downturn since the 2008 financial crisis.

Source: Statista

Governments must select either less cases, less deaths, and a worse economy; or more cases, more deaths, and a better economy. There is a delicate balance to be met between these two variables.

We don’t know how the choices made today will play out in the long run. Judging from how virulent COVID-19 is, and with existing measures of containment falling short, perhaps it’s better to experience short term repercussions today without enforcing social isolation (As the UK has chosen), rather than experiencing negative effects to the economy for a longer duration.
China has found a resurgence of cases with citizens returning to work, suggesting that efforts to flatten the curve are an ongoing problem.

At least the planet can breathe a sigh of relief.

Source: CNN

China is seeing blue skies as industrial CO2, and NOX emissions are slashed, possibly the clearest since the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

How do you get infected?

1. The main route of transmission is respiratory droplets and close contact.
2. When you sneeze or cough, you send out droplets of fluid from your nose and mouth.
3. Those droplets can carry infections, and when they enter someone else’s enter the eyes, nose
   or mouth, the infection can make them sick. This is the way the flu and many viruses are
   spread.
4. Most often, you need to be close to the person (within 6 feet) for it to spread this way.
5. There is the possibility of aerosol transmission when exposed to high concentration aerosol
   for a long time in a relatively closed environment.
6. The WHO has stated that the risk of spread from someone without symptoms is «very low» and
   that fecal transmission is «low».

Number of cases

Although we know the number of confirmed cases, we do not know the number of true cases.
Due to a lack of available testing kits in many countries, GP’s are discouraged from testing people exhibiting symptoms unless they also meet a specific set of criteria, thereby the current true number of people infected remains uncertain.

South Korea is testing thousands of people at a time, this could be the reason for their low fatality rate at 0.6%, they are confirming cases where people have mild symptoms, or are yet to exhibit any. In contrast to this, the US has a fatality rate of about 3.6%, where negligible testing is taking place, and perhaps only the serious cases are confirmed. The fatality rate can also be low as testing is conducted in drive-throughs, and not solely focused on patients who have been admitted to hospital.

Many countries have adopted non-pharmaceutical measures to decrease this count through means of social isolation. New Zealand and Australia have enforced for a mandatory 14 day self-isolation policy for all international arrivals. Other countries such as Singapore, Japan, and the USA have called for more lenient policies restricting travel from specific countries.

Testing is imperative to identify cases and hot zones before they develop out of control. In Seattle, where the first confirmed case was found in the US, the virus had been spreading for up to six weeks due to a lack of testing. Without testing we are blind to what we are facing, leading to suboptimal reactions.

By refusing to test as many people as possible, the number of cases can be kept artificially low, but the death rate is likely to be higher than reality.

Holiday church gathering in North Carolina leads to 97 Covid cases and counting

A holiday celebration at a church in a small town in North Carolina has led to 97 Covid-19 cases as of Tuesday morning, and this number is expected to grow in the coming days, a spokesperson for the local health department told TODAY.

The gathering took place at First Baptist Church in Hendersonville, located south of Asheville, over the Dec. 5 weekend and was a multi-day event, according to a statement from the Henderson County Department of Public Health and its communications manager, Andrew Mundhenk. As of Dec. 17, the county had linked 75 cases to the event, and the health department is still working to identify close contacts of attendees.

Of the confirmed 97 cases, all are among attendees, Mundhenk said. The health department is not aware of any deaths at this time. However, «some cases» from the event have resulted in hospitalizations, Mundhenk said. The health department did not have specifics on how many.

Mythbusters

1. COVID-19 virus can be transmitted in areas with hot and humid climates.
2. Cold weather and snow CANNOT kill the new coronavirus.
3. Taking a hot bath does not prevent the new coronavirus disease.
4. The new coronavirus CANNOT be transmitted through mosquito bites.
5. Are hand dryers effective in killing the new coronavirus?
   No. Hand dryers are not effective in killing the 2019-nCoV.
6. Can an ultraviolet disinfection lamp kill the new coronavirus?
   UV lamps should not be used to sterilize hands or other areas of skin as UV radiation can cause skin irritation.
7. Can spraying alcohol or chlorine all over your body kill the new coronavirus?
   No. Spraying alcohol or chlorine all over your body will not kill viruses that have already entered your body.
8. Do vaccines against pneumonia protect you against the new coronavirus?
   No. Vaccines against pneumonia, such as pneumococcal vaccine and Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib) vaccine, do not provide protection against the new coronavirus.
9. Can regularly rinsing your nose with saline help prevent infection with the new coronavirus?
   No. There is no evidence that regularly rinsing the nose with saline has protected people from infection with the new coronavirus.
10. Can eating garlic help prevent infection with the new coronavirus?
    Garlic is a healthy food that may have some antimicrobial properties. However, there is no evidence from the current outbreak that eating garlic has protected people from the new coronavirus.
11. Are antibiotics effective in preventing and treating the new coronavirus?
    No, antibiotics do not work against viruses, only bacteria.